Puppet On The Fast Track - 2241 Words

Puppet on the Fast Track Ravi Subramaniam’s novel unfolds the inception of a new banking ethos in India by portraying role-play with passion, perseverance, and pragmatism in varying degrees. Similarly, Ilika Ranjan’s Puppet on the Fast Track (2011) is another novel that unravels the intra-structural dynamics in the superior-subordinate working relationship within the banking structure of a multinational bank in India, the Haute bank. The author portrays the journey of young, positive, new recruits in the corporate sector, gradually unravelling their transition from innocuous enthusiasm to cynicism, as they become victims of connivance, schemes, and calculations, which go well beyond the balance sheets. Among a number of characters, the author follows the stories of Pulak, a fresh, enthusiastic new recruit with a prestigious degree in management, and that of Irina, a bright and honest employee, both of whom become puppets in the hands of their superiors, who in turn, are engaged in their own int erpersonal rivalries. Ranjan focuses on the plight of these subordinates, who are subjected to reporting in two separate departments, the Product department that runs in a parallel way with the Sales department. To make matters worse, the Heads of the two departments are engaged in their own perennial war of egos, which undermines both departments, as ideally Product and Sales are meant to be two wheels of the same cart, integrated to work together in achieving their respective goals.Show MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants Short Story1065 Words   |  5 Pagestrain tracks at this junction and on each side, the valley has a different appearance. On one side of the valley â€Å"there was no shade and no trees† and had â€Å" †¦ a curtain, made of bamboo beads †¦ to keep out the flies.† This is the side the couple was facing at first, while still debating their huge decision. The brown, barren, and uncomfortably hot side of the valley is one element of set ting Hemingway used. It shows that since there are only two choices (shown through only two train tracks) thereRead MoreAgency Adobe Photoshop ( Aca ) Complete Training Certification Program760 Words   |  4 PagesObject layer. Explore Smart filters and Vanishing Point. Learn about the new Photoshop areas of the new UI, Refine Radius tool, content-aware move, content-aware patch tool, mixer brush, live workspace updates, mini bridge, 3D text with repouse, puppet warp, grain and noise reduction in camera raw, and paragraph style and character style panels. Consolidate your existing Photoshop skillset and build on your skills by learning about creating composite images, loading and pasting selections, workingRead MorePresentation Of Abc Community Center Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesscreencast URL: Introductory Paragraph: Infants and adolescents make a big percentage of the population in the society. These stages of life are very essential, and unless they are carefully given a closer eye, the society risks losing track. Infants typically rely on their parents as they learn much from their parents and baby caretakers since they spent much of the time with them. Adolescents, on the other hand, tend to emulate new things in their lifestyles, but since it is a stageRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave.1145 Words   |  5 Pagespresentation was intended for the intelligent educated upper class. The fire in the allegory of the cave represents false light, whereas the sun represents true reality. The shadows being cast on the wall represent a form a social control. The puppets and the chains that are creating the shadows represent the tools, which the cave dwellers use to control the prisoners reality. When the prisoner is in half-light they are being manipulated, when they are in the full light of the sun they questionRead MoreIn Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello Is as Much a Victim of His Own Weaknesses as of Iago’s Plotting. Write an Essay That Explores the Construction of Othello’s Character in Parker’s Film and Shakespeare’s Play.910 Words   |  4 PagesOthello’s true nature as the film progresses, conducting a study on the very basis of the character of Othello. During the sex-scene between Othello and Desdemona, Parker uses quick and abrupt cuts between the two characters alongside a fast paced but passionate sound track, all o f this inferring the unreflecting nature of Othello, his red clothing and the tortures also being symbolic of this. His downfall is further indulged in through the symbolic black and white chess pieces, with Othello the blackRead MoreShort Story1652 Words   |  7 Pageswhat I was doing, even after I learned how to control my chip. He said it himself that hed been watching me. Theres no way his task force could relay all that footage that fast. Thats at least- Hank stopped in his tracks and turned to face me. Approximately 3.57GBs per minute, I know. And theres a 3 minute delay on how fast the feed comes in, not to mention the delay from the frequency we used to manipulate it. Even with the speed at which his task force worked, thats too much expense and wastedRead MorePunk Music And Its Surrounding Counterculture1527 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement in the U.K., the Sex Pistols are one of the most widely recognized Punk acts and considered influential by countless artists who have followed. Much like the musical style that characterized Punk music, the lifespan of the Sex Pistols was short, fast, and loud. The infamous group formed less than a year before they were picked up by the major multinational label EMI. In England s Dreaming: Anarchy, Sex Pistols, Punk Rock, and Beyond, Jon Savage accounts the tale of how the controversial, anti-establishmentRead MoreIf God Was A Banker1645 Words   |  7 PagesThis chapter explores the narrative built around multinational banking culture in two novels, If God was a Banker (2007) written by Ravi Subramaniam, and Puppet on the Fast Track (2011) by Ilika Ranjan. The two novels revolve around a major phase of socio - economic transition in India that began in the 1980s and continued throughout the 1990s. This period ushered in the concept of open door policy, liberalization, privatization, and globalization, all of which became buzz words in the Indian economyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1720 Words   |  7 Pagesis Iago. He is clearly made out to be the antagonist of the book, all the actions, well most are beneficial to himself. But this creates problems in Othello, the protagonist life. Having the most effect on what the other characters do. There the puppets he’s the master. A very gritty person, strong minded and driven. Determined to do anything to get to his current goal. In this case it’s to convince Othello that cassio is being disho nest and sleeping with his wife desdemona. In order to still Cassio’sRead MoreSpecial Effect Of Special Effects1935 Words   |  8 Pagesaluminum framing, electrical wiring, hydraulic tubing and argetinean horsehair, also the animal’s expression were controlled by 11 external cables. The stop motion animation it is a procedure when the puppet or a model is animated by hand without to involve any computer interference, the puppet/model is filmed frame by frame with the animator moving it around the frames. The term ‘’stop-motion’’ came from fact that the camera must be stopped discontinuity during the filming while the model is moved

Gender, Racial, Violence, And Other Forms Of Discrimination

Eric Vasquez Mrs. Fishman English 11CP 8 May 2015 English Multigenre Charlotte Bunch once said â€Å"Sexual, racial, gender, violence, and other forms of discrimination and violence in a culture cannot be eliminated without changing culture.† Our society experiences all of these problems and I would like to focus on the gender perspective in the 21st century and how women have had more of an influence in music than people actually realize. Men have dominated the music industry and business but women have been the underlying reason as for why men and other females have been so successful in the music scene. One of the first great jazz musicians ever to live was Louis Armstrong, known for his singing, trumpet playing, and his creation of improvisation. Armstrong started playing at age 13 and ten years later married Lil Hardin who made a name for herself as a South Side song plugger and a jazz pianist before she met Armstrong. Harden was a very influential figure for Armstrong’s role in changing the way jazz way played. She â€Å"persuad ed Satchmo to break away from the second-trumpet chair in Joe ‘King’ Oliver s Creole Jazz Band; she was the one who encouraged him to move to New York and try his luck in Fletcher Henderson s band; she was the one who cajoled him-a year later-into heading back to Chicago where, at long last, a star was born† (Reich). Hardin allowed Armstrong to come out of his comfort zone and pushed him to into new experiences which allowed â€Å"Satchmo† to discoverShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Racial Prejudice1130 Words   |  5 PagesGender inequality and racial prejudice are alive and well in the United States and around the world despite the strides that have been made here over the past fifty years. Over time fixed notions about gender differences have been interwoven into the fabric of society, each leading to complex interactions among people. Traditionally, most of these rigid views have supported the dominance of men and the subservience of women in most social structures. In her article entitled: Mapping the Margins:Read MoreTriumph Of The Right : George Wallace, Richard Nixon, And The American Revolution1459 Words   |  6 Pagesmovements. In the excerpt â€Å"Triumph of the Left: Sixties Revolution and The Revolution in Manners† Kenneth Cmiel from the University of Iowa shows how the era of the sixties altered and affected the morals of many Americans when they encountered discrimination, hatred, and inequality. Along with that, Dan T. Carter carefully analyzes the political outcomes of the Presidential campaign of the 1960’s and it’s victory in the excerpt â€Å"Triumph of the Right: George Wallace, Richard Nixon, and the CritiqueRead MoreGender Inequality And Racial Inequality Essay924 Words   |  4 Pageseven today, gender inequality and racial prejudice continue to exist. Throughout time these concepts have overlapped and intertwined, each other creating complex interactions and a negative influenc e upon society. In the 1980s, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw through her article, named Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color, introduced the term â€Å"Intersectionality.† Intersectionality, is the theory of how different types of discriminations interact thusRead MoreAppedix C673 Words   |  3 Pages |Definition | |Discrimination |The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the| | |grounds of race, age, or sex. | |Institutional discrimination |Unfair prejudice against individuals as a result of the way an organization works or | Read MoreA Dominant Force Or Trend Within Clothing, Opinion, Arts, And Culture Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesso they can fit in and thrive. Majority group- an ethnic/racial group that has the largest population and usually the greatest economic and political power in a society. Marcel Mauss- introduced the qualities of gift giving, author of The Gift. Mauss was also a French sociologist, his work often bounced between sociology and anthropology. Marxism- the political and economic theories of Karl Marx, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism. Masculinity-Read MorePolice Brutality1314 Words   |  6 Pagesbrutality Those of the minority community have been subjected, for many decades, to violence by those in law enforcement in the United States. This type of violence is a direct depiction of police brutality, which often leads to death. Police brutality has been an issue for many years, and it remains a major concern for those of the minority community. Over the past five centuries, black people have endured violence in many different ways. Today, police officers use deadly, excessive force that leadsRead MoreRape and Sexual Harassment: The Intersectional Experiences of Racism and Sexism for Minorities1488 Words   |  6 PagesRape and sexual harassment are both two common forms of sexual violence prevalent in the United States. Although both events can happen to men, women are more prone to face these occurrences. According to the National Violence Against Women Survey, â€Å"78% of the victims of rape and sexual assault are women and 22% are men† (â€Å"Domestic Violence Statisticsà ¢â‚¬ ). In 2011, companies experienced sexual harassment charges at 11% in relation to all charges brought forth to businesses, and 16% of these chargesRead MoreRace, Drugs And Policing1483 Words   |  6 Pagesbehind this racial disparity is due to the fact that police focus mainly on crack dealers who are predominantly blacks more than any other serious drug dealers. The evidence states that even though a majority of serious drug transactions involved a white drug dealer, 64 percent of those arrested for drug delivery in Seattle from January 1999 to April 2001 were black. It also indicates that police’s excessive focus on crack offenders resulted in the exclusion of those who delivered other sorts of seriousRead MoreThe Effects Of Prejudice On Children And Young People1502 Words   |  7 Pagesat a very young age. Research has shown that children are capable of holding prejudices and negative attitudes towards others from the age of three. There are so many pressures on children to fit in and to conform with expected appearances and behaviour that they may be discriminated against and bullied if they do not. Both discrimination and prejudice can take a range of forms and can take place for a multitude of reason and usually occurs through lack of knowledge and understanding of diversityRead MoreHate Crime Protection for Gays and Lesbians685 Words   |  3 PagesArent we told as young children and also throughout life to treat others as we would want to be treated? So why are some decimated against based on sexual preference? The statistics show the percentages of the hate discrimination against the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual community. The violence that they are pitted against, due to peoples discrimination against them, in life. And I will also mention the discrimination that the LGBT community goes through and what they miss out based on

Romeo and Juliet explain why act one scene five is a turning point in the play and what makes it so interesting for the audience Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet explain why act one scene five is a turning point in the play and what makes it so interesting for the audience Essay Romeo and Juliet is a play that has brought laughter and tears to audiences for hundreds of years. Many people have watched this play and cried at the tragic ending as the two star-crossd lovers take their lives. This line from the prologue sums up the main themes in the play: fate, love and tragedy. This masterpiece written by William Shakespeare during the Elizabethan period contains the pivotal ball scene (1:5), which changes the course of events in the play and the lives of all involved. This can be seen most clearly in the changing attitudes of our two lovers, Romeo and Juliet. Juliet who had no desire to be married or interest in falling in love prior to this scene falls madly in love with Romeo during it. Similarly, Romeo who thought he loved Rosaline abandons all thoughts of her as he sets eyes on Juliet; each in blissful ignorance of their true identity. As the audience have been witness to the ancient grudge between the two families, the union between Romeo and Juliet in th is scene will heighten tension and increase the anxiety for them. At the beginning of act 1, scene 5 the servants rushing around the stage creates a more intense atmosphere. Wheres Potpan, that he helps not to take away? He shift a trencher? He scrape a trencher? This speech, especially the questions, creates the quick pace of the rush. The servants need to do a good job of the house to impress Lord Capulet and his guests. The audience have many questions and expectations, such as whether or not Romeo will get caught, whether or not Juliet will fall in love with Paris as their parents planned or whether Romeo would meet his dear Rosaline and be together with her again. All these expectations leave the audience on the edge of their seats, focussing on every event that follows in this scene. The audience then witness Lord Capulet who is an unusually jolly mood. Lord Capulet needs to make a good impression and show that he is a good host. He also needs to make a good impression on Paris who he wants to be Juliets husband. Welcome gentlemen. Lord Capulet repeats this line to really emphasise that he wants his guests to feel comfortable. He also jokes with the ladies, ladies that have their toes unplagued with corns will walk about with you. This is interesting for the audience because before this scene he has been stern and even got involved in the street brawl between the two families in act 1 scene 1, Fetch me my long sword, Ho! This positive mood is sustained on the stage when Romeo appears. Romeo uses different ways to describe Juliet. Like a rich jewel in an ethiops ear. Romeo uses this simile to describe Juliet as a bright, stunning jewel in a blacks persons ear. Something that stands out in a crowded place. Romeo uses another effective technique soon after. So a snowy dove trooping with crows. He uses this metaphor to describe Juliet as a white dove with black, scavenging crows. Something different and eye-catching. A snowy dove brings images of peace and purity which describes Juliets beauty. Furthermore, Romeo uses rhyming couplets for his speech. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright; it seems she hangs upon the cheek of night. Shakespeare uses this to create romance and also to create a poem to show that the language reflects Romeos romantic nature. The audience is thinking what will happen with Romeo and Juliet and what will be the knock on effects. Romeo also uses a question towards the end of his speech. .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 , .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .postImageUrl , .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 , .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:hover , .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:visited , .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:active { border:0!important; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:active , .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91 .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4dc1cf9bc96e5ac86c886b13de9a4a91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet With Midsummer Nights Dream EssayDid my heart love till now? The audience realises that he has forgotten all about Rosaline his main reason for attending the ball and is now in love with Juliet. He declares, I never saw true beauty til this night, leaving them in no doubt of his feelings. In contrast to Romeos calm peaceful and gentle speech on his love for Juliet. An enemy of the Montagues Tybalt, has seen Romeo and goes to his uncle to look for his rapier sword. Tybalt refers to Romeo as a villain foe and slave to show his true hate for him and he also uses rhyming couplets to show his hatred for Romeo. From all the quiet and romantic whispering by Romeo, to the shouting and rage of Tybalt, makes the audience jump and be concerned for Romeo, because he has been caught and the audience are worried about what Tybalt might do to him. now by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin. Tybalt said this about Romeo, meaning that it would be an honour for him and his family if he killed Romeo. Tybalt seems to think that Romeo is trying to make fun of them by going to the party, to scorn at our solemnity this night. Lord Capulet tries to calm down Tybalt and says to him Verona brags of him to be a virtuous and well governed youth. Meaning that mo st of Verona sees that Romeo is a nice lad, they like Romeo. In the last four lines Tybalt again uses hatred rhyming couplets, he also said, now seeming sweet, convert bitterest gall. the juxtaposition shows that things maybe sweet now but will turn bitter and Tybalt will defiantly get his revenge.

Midland Energy Resources Cost of Capital free essay sample

Midland Energy Resources, Inc. is a global energy company with its operations in three divisions – Oil and gas exploration, Refining and Marketing and Petrochemicals. The company has been there for 120 years and in 2007 had more than 80,000 employees. It has been a very profitable company with reported operating revenue of $248. 5 billion and operating income of $42. 2 billion in 2006. The primary goals of Midland’s financial strategy are to fund overseas growth, invest in value-creating project, achieve an optimal capital strategy and repurchase undervalued shares. To accomplish all these goals the company has asked Janet Mortensen, Vice President of finance for Midland energy resources, to calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the company as a whole. Formula: WACC = rd (D/V) (1-t) + re (E/V) Where, rd = cost of debt; re= cost of equity; D = Market value of debt; E= Market value of equity; V= Market Value of the company (D+E); t= Tax rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Midland Energy Resources Cost of Capital or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Risk Free Rate, rf: Midland’s borrowing capacity is typically depended on its energy reserves and long-term assets. Considering its assets long-term valuation a 1-year risk free rate seemed unreasonable. Furthermore there is a high correlation of Midland’s stock price with changes in energy prices, which required periodic re-evaluation of its borrowing capacity. A 30-year Treasury bond rate also doesn’t quite seem to justify its unpredictable nature. For Exploration and Production (Eamp;P) and Refining and Marketing (Ramp;M) a 30 year maturity T-Bond can be used as those divisions tended to focus on longer term projects. But a division like Petrochemicals tends to focus on shorter-term projects. So, 1 year T-bond will be applicable for this. So, for overall, Midland Energy Resource we have decided to take 10-year risk free rate, which is 4. 66%. Equity Market Risk Premium (EMRP): In 2006, Midland used an equity market risk premium of 5%, but higher EMRP’s -6% to 6. 5% had been used by Midland at various times in the past. Midland adopted its current estimate of 5. 0% after a review of recent research and in consultation with its professional advisors – primarily its bankers and auditors – as well as Wall Street analysts covering the industry. So, we also decided to use 5%. Tax rate, t: In 2006, Midland’s income before tax was $30,447 million. They paid $11,747 million of taxes. So, the tax rate was 11,747/30447 = 38. 6%. We have decided to use 39% as a round number for tax rate. Cost of Debt, rd: The cost of debt is calculated as the yield to maturity offered by the U. S government Treasury bonds plus the risk premium interest rate that lenders demand for taking the risk of lending money to the company. Midland’s cost of debt is equal to the consolidated spread to treasury of 1. 62% in addition to the 10-year rate of the U. S Treasury bond.

Practice Restaurant Dialogue for Ordering Food

Practice Restaurant Dialogue for Ordering Food Ordering food in a restaurant is one of the most basic tasks for English learners- after all, eating is essential and so is talking about eating- but it can also be one of the most daunting. This simple lesson is aimed at beginners who are practicing ordering for the very first time. Use this lesson, dialogue, and sample menu to help ESL students learn how to order  food in a restaurant using basic vocabulary Preparing for the Dialogues Simple dialogues will help students to order food and speak in a socially acceptable way in a restaurant while  challenging listening-comprehension exercises will help boost their passive-understanding skills. Before having students perform the dialogue below, ask them to name different types of food they might find in a restaurant. Write the vocabulary on the board and make sure students also take notes. After they do so: Give students the dialogue and menu, and ask them to read through it carefully. Point out the use of would like for asking for and making requests. You may also want to make sure they notice the use of here you are instead of please when handing someone something.Pair students and ask them to role-play ordering food in a restaurant using the menu below (or a more interesting menu you may have on hand). Both students should switch roles a number of times.If you have access to a computer, improve passive understanding by doing a  listening- comprehension  exercise, like the one found in this practice script.   Finally, ask students what are some ways  (dialogues, thematic texts, and narrative stories)  they can use to help them improve their listening-comprehension skills in English. Dialogue: Ordering Food in a Restaurant Have students pair up to practice the following dialogue, then have them switch roles. Waiter: Hello, Can I help you?.Kim: Yes, Id like to have some lunch.Waiter: Would you like a starter?Kim: Yes, Id like a bowl of chicken soup, please.Waiter: And what would you like for your main course?Kim: Id like a grilled cheese sandwich.Waiter: Would you like anything to drink?Kim: Yes, Id like a glass of Coke, please.Waiter: Would Pepsi be OK? We dont have Coke.Kim: That would be fine.Waiter:  (After Kim has her lunch.) Can I bring you anything else?Kim: No thank you. Just the bill.Waiter: Certainly.Kim: I dont have my glasses. How much is the lunch?Waiter: Thats $6.75.Kim: Here you are. Thank you very much.Waiter: Youre welcome. Have a good day.Kim: Thank you. Same to you. Sample Menu Use this menu to practice ordering food in a restaurant. Have students swap out different food and drink items to modify the above dialogue, or let them create their own dialogues. Joes Restaurant Starters Chicken Soup $2.50 Salad $3.25 Sandwiches - Main Course Ham and cheese $3.50 Tuna $3.00 Vegetarian $4.00 Grilled Cheese $2.50 Slice of Pizza $2.50 Cheeseburger $4.50 Hamburger $5.00 Spaghetti $5.50 Drinks Coffee $1.25 Tea $1.25 Soft Drinks - Coke, Sprite, Root Beer, Ice Tea $1.75

Writing Tips Dialogue Tags in Fiction

Writing Tips Dialogue Tags in Fiction Writing Tips: Dialogue Tags in Fiction Dialogue is an important part of fiction. But when you have multiple characters, you may need to help the reader keep track of who is speaking. This is where dialogue tags come in. But what exactly are dialogue tags? And how do you present them in your writing? Let us explain. Basic Dialogue Tags Dialogue tags tell us who is speaking. One common way to do this is to add a dialogue tag after the spoken dialogue. For instance, a line of dialogue in fiction may look like this: â€Å"Digging is hard work,† Terri said. Here, we can see that â€Å"Terri† is speaking. And as shown above, if a dialogue tag comes after speech, you will usually end the spoken part with a comma inside the closing quotation mark. This changes slightly with questions and exclamations. In these cases, you should omit the comma and give the relevant punctuation mark instead (i.e., a question mark or exclamation point): â€Å"Digging is hard work!† said Terri. â€Å"Why is digging so hard?† asked Terri. However, while these do not use a comma, the punctuation still goes inside the closing quote mark. Dialogue Tag Position You can also place a dialogue tag before speech. For example: James said, â€Å"I am home at last.† The key difference here is the punctuation. Rather than ending the spoken dialogue with a comma, we use a period (or other terminal punctuation) to show that the sentence has ended. In addition, we use a comma before the opening quotation mark to introduce the dialogue. To place a dialogue tag mid-dialogue, meanwhile, you will need to introduce it with a comma. However, the rest of the punctuation will depend on the situation. If the line of dialogue you’re interrupting would be a single sentence without the tag, start and end with a comma: â€Å"I am going home,† said James, â€Å"to sleep.† But if the dialogue tag comes at the end of a full sentence, you should use a period before beginning a new sentence when the dialogue continues: â€Å"I am so tired,† said James. â€Å"I can’t wait to get home.† Here, for example, we use a period after â€Å"James† because â€Å"I am so tired† is a sentence by itself. Omitting Dialogue Tags You don’t always have to name the person who is speaking in a dialogue tag. If you have already named the speaker in the text, for example, you might use a suitable pronoun instead: Aisha looked around the room. â€Å"It could be tidier,† she said. In this case, we’ve used the pronoun â€Å"she† to avoid repeating â€Å"Aisha.† Alternatively, you can omit the dialogue tag completely. This is quite important when writing a conversation, as saying â€Å"he said† and â€Å"she said† for every line would be repetitive: â€Å"Have you been here before?† Tim asked. â€Å"No,† said Aisha. â€Å"Did you want me to lead the way?† â€Å"Sure. I’ll follow.† Tim walked down the corridor. â€Å"Are you nervous?† he asked. â€Å"Yeah. A bit. Maybe.† â€Å"Don’t be. It’ll be fine, I promise.† Aisha smiled. â€Å"Thanks,† she said. â€Å"That helps.† In the exchange above, we don’t need to name the speaker in every line, or even use â€Å"he said† and â€Å"she said† repeatedly. This is because we know there are two people taking turns to speak, so all we need to do is remind the reader who is speaking from time to time. The key, then, is to use dialogue tags to ensure clarity, but also to use them sparingly. This will ensure that the dialogue in your writing is easy to follow while also being a pleasure to read.

The film Black Swan explores and critiques cultural ideas concerning Essay

The film Black Swan explores and critiques cultural ideas concerning women - Essay Example In many ways, the ballet is the epitome of the misogynist fantasy, women who are represented as virginal and without sexuality, but with every movement of every muscle highlighted and visible. The great choreographer, George Ballanchine, wanted his ballerina’s to have no weight, to eat nothing, and to appear to be children rather than grown adults. Within the framework of the ballet, the dream of female fragility is played out through extremes of physical contortion and athleticism, which is presented to seem as if it is not. The film, Black Swan (2010), provides context for the nature of the life that women lead. Woman have always been constrained to live through the expectations put on them by society, trying to meet impossible standards without true recognition for how impossible the expectations that have been put on them are to meet. The expectation of perfection, the need to be all things, creates a pressure that often turns inward into self-mutilation and destructive be haviors. In the case of the lead character in Black Swan (2010), the critique on the culture of women explores the nature of striving for perfection and the dangers that lurk within the struggle to meet the expectations that are impossible to achieve. ... ecretaries for organizations, and do little within the home towards maintaining the daily chores, women are not allowed that luxury to let go of any sphere without facing failure. The ballerina, is first, an athlete. She performs on her toes, each movement of each muscle under her control so that she can turn, fly, twist, and land without appearing to be putting in any effort. She must be in peek condition, but her body must be starved of any body fat and lean without the bulge of muscle. Her representation is frail and fragile upon the stage, despite the strength and prowess that is required to create the dance. Her life is a contrast of needs, her impossible task set to see her fail. Few can achieve the balance, and all those who cannot, step away feeling like failures. The most notorious relationship in the recent history of the ballet is that between the choreographer George Balanchine and the ballerina Gelsey Kirkland. Kirkland wrote a book that described her experiences with Ba lanchine as he pushed his dancers to perform. He would tell his dancers â€Å"must see the bones†, â€Å"eat less†, and â€Å"eat nothing† (Freidler and Glazer 15). He led his dancers in what Kirkland is quoted as calling a â€Å"concentration camp aesthetic† (Gordon 124). Kirkland suffered from bulimia and anorexia nervosa, as well as drug addiction from taking pills to balance her lack of nutrition and energy. Her experience was painful, stressful, and full of the turmoil that women face as they strive to balance on their toes and be all things in the process. The metaphor of the ballet provides a rich textual dialogue about the difficulty of being a woman in today’s society. Unfortunately, as much as it is a metaphor it is also an explicit truth that the expectations in the ballet are

Being Aware of Effective Leadership Research Paper

Being Aware of Effective Leadership - Research Paper Example However, even those theorists have not come up with conclusive evidence as to who is an effective leader. For example, trait theorists cannot explain how individuals with similar traits perform differently in different situations or an agreed set of traits that make up great leaders. This paper will try to discuss effective leadership using one of the great leaders in history; Bill Gates. The Microsoft Corporation was founded in 1975 by two young individuals Bill Gates and Paul Allen and has grown to be a giant in the industry. William H. Gates III was born in October 28, 1955 in Seattle Washington. He was the only son of William Gates II a well known and accomplished attorney. Since his early childhood gates was very intelligent and astonished with computers. His parents wanted him to pursue a law career but that was never to be as he was more interested in computers. He was enrolled in a public school but was later transferred to lakeside school since his parents wanted him to have a more challenging environment which matched his exceptional abilities. It was while there that Bill began his journey as an inventor and a great entrepreneur. He and his friend Paul Allen took time to study computer programming by themselves and began writing computer programs (Wallace, 1992). Gates was enrolled in Harvard University in 1973 where he continued pursuing his interest in computer programming. When an opportunity arose, he quit college to pursue his career. This came about through a cover story on popular electronics magazine which carried a cover story on a microcomputer, the Altair, made by the MITS firm in New Mexico. He and his colleague Allen offered to develop an interpreter for the program; Microsoft BASIC interpreter. In 1975 they founded the Microsoft Company which is now the largest personal computer software company (Gates, 1996). He became the chief executive officer, chief software architect, chairman and the largest individual shareholder until the year 2000 when he stepped down as the CEO but retained the chairmanship of the Board. He was recognized by the times magazine as one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century and one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005 and 2006 (Wallace, 1992). In 1994, he was recognized as the CEO of the year by CEO magazine and in 2011, he was the fifth most powerful person in the world (Forbes, 2012). This is in addition to the numerous honorary degrees he has received from various universities for his exemplary work. Bill Gates has played a great role in driving Microsoft Corporation to where it is today. First, through his efforts and that of Allen they founded the company from scratch with their skills. He was involved in designing software which was the key task in the newly formed company. They started by developing the BASIC interpreter for MITS which allowed individuals to play games among other functions. He also began the idea of charging for the use of software. Tho ugh his idea was unpopular, he persisted and later it became the norm for software developers (Gates, 1996). Gates also developed the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) for IBM one of the computer giant companies but retained the right to license other manufacturers. Soon the operating system became the universal standard for personal computers. He was also involved in

Organizational Behavior Trends Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Trends Essay Organizational Behavior is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. Organizational Culture is the basic pattern of common assumptions, values, and beliefs leading the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities. Organizational Trends are patterns of change over time in some variable of interest. In this paper we will evaluate two trends in organizational behavior. The influence of ethics on decision-making and the impact of technology on work-related stress will be examined. Organizational Behavior Trends There are several trends in Organizational Behavior. One trend is globalization, which requires corporate decision makers to be more sensitive to cultural differences as they venture towards a wider variety of employees and clients. Another trend in organizations is the increasingly diverse workforce. Diversity potentially improves decision-making, team performance, and customer service, but it also presents new challenges for the company. The values and ethics of the employees, enable organizations to apply certain principles in a global environment, and are under pressure to abide by the ethical values and higher standards of corporate social responsibility. Ethics on Decision-making Ethics on decision-making is difficult, it is critical for leaders to develop a code of ethics and establish disciplinary actions and procedures for ethical violators. Most importantly, leaders should also develop a process in which employees are rewarded and publicly recognized for having positive ethical behaviors. It is also important to have employee involvement when trying to identify ethical issues. When it comes to the ethics of decision making, the criteria individuals use to define problems and the values that underlie these criteria must be considered. Moral conduct is involved in choosing problems, deciding who should be involved, estimating the impacts of alternatives, and selecting an alternative for implementation. Moral conduct does not arise from after-the-fact embarrassment. (Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 2005). Overall, ethical decision making, is learning about ethical dilemmas in business and examining the process for identifying common influences in the decision-making process. Once the trends are found, leaders and subordinates must demonstrate and understand how to make an ethical decision in which all possible solutions are attempted equally and without any judgment. Impact of Technology on Work-Related Stress Work-related stress can be defined as a pattern of emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactions to adverse and noxious aspects of work content, work organization and work environment. It is a state characterized by high levels of arousal and distress and often by feelings of not coping. (www. eiro. eurofound) Work-related stress is a serious issue at many companies. People should be aware of their stress levels and communicate stressful situations to their employer before stress develops into a problem. For this to happen, employers need to ensure that the organizational culture is one in which employees can openly and comfortably talk about work-related stress without any repercussion. There are many components that make up stress. With the world of technology racing news and information around the world as quick as we can blink, many more organizations are becoming sophisticated in applying information technologies. Nobel Laureate and decision scientist Herbert Simon is convinced that computers will someday be more intelligent than humans. Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 2005) How does that make you feel knowing that one-day a computer could replace your job? There are always two sides to any debate; the one on stress is no exception. Is being stressed a sign of weakness within your job indicating that you can no longer handle it or is being stressed a sign of an effective working behavior of getting the job done? There are many employers that want to support their staff to the hig hest level that can be offered but resources and effective training is sometimes limited. As a result, many employees are stressed. The use of technology is needed in all businesses and with this advanced technology some organizations rely heavily it. I know that with the computer system we have at our organization it makes it much easier and less stressful for us. Maybe someone who is not proficient with computers would become stressful to the new system, but for the most part I think technology has a positive impact on work-related stress. Conclusion In conclusion, the influence of ethics on decision-making and the impact of technologies on work-related stress are only two components of many in organizational behavior. With so many changes to how one must work and the many difficult decisions that have to be made according to your organizations ethics only. I personally think that as companies evolve, the employees must chose to either evolve with it or take another course of action to make life stress-free.

Salman Rushdie :: essays research papers

There have been very few writers who have been dogged by controversy throughout their careers. Some have been persecuted in less enlightened times such as Mark Twain, and some have been ridiculed by the press like Edgar Allan Poe. Yet, Salman Rushdie was the first author in the free world to have been pursued from across continents and forced into hiding because of a death sentence by a foreign government. To say Salman Rushdie is a very controversial writer in today’s society would be a gross understatement. Rushdie in fact could be considered the ideal poster boy for absolute freedom of the press. It is not that Rushdie prides himself on being rebellious, he simply presents his ideas bluntly and it just so happens that his ideas address extremely volatile topics such as the Islam religion. Rushdie’s philosophy was eloquently put when he wrote, â€Å"What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist.†Contrary to many great authors, Rushdie did not endure a traumatic childhood, suffer from alcohol addiction, or live with chronic depression. Instead, Rushdie actually had what many would view as a close to perfect upbringing. Rushdie was born in 1947 to a middle-class Moslem family in the great city of Bombay, India. His paternal grandfather was an Urdu poet, and his father a Cambridge educated businessman. At the age of fourteen, Rushdie was sent to Rugby School in England where he excelled in his studies. Rushdie went on to continue his studies at King's College, Cambridge, where he studied history. After graduating in 1968 he worked for a time with television in Pakistan as an actor with the theatre group at Oval House in Kennington. Then, from 1971 to 1981 Rushdie earned his living by working intermittently as a freelance advertising copywriter for Ogilvy and Mather and Charles Barker. Rushdie eventually began his literary career in 1975 when he made his debut with Grimus, a sort of fantastical science fiction novel based on the twelfth century Sufi poem â€Å"The Conference of Birds†. Grimus however received little fame and Rushdie truly broke into the literary world with his second novel Midnight’s Children, in 1981, which won him the Booker prize and international fame. This novel began his controversial persona as well. The novel is a comic allegory of Indian history that revolves around the life of its narrator, Saleem Sinai, and the one thousand children born after India’s Declaration of Independence.

Marshmallow Test

The Marshmallow Test is a study that was done by Walter Mischel in 1972 to test how children are able to delay gratification and how that might affect them later in life. The four year old children were told they could either eat the first marshmallow in 15 minutes or wait and receive a second marshmallow. They were visited again when they were 20 and the ones who were able to resist temptation had less behavioral problems and did better on their SATs. There are three types of research methods used in this study. One is experimentation. Experimentation is when researchers manipulate certain variables to see how they affect other variables. There are two types of variables, independent and dependent. The independent variable is the variable that might cause an effect. The dependent variable is the variable that shows the outcome of the experiment by showing the effects of the independent variable. In this study the independent variable is the marshmallow, or the ability to delay gratification. The dependent variable is being able to delay gratification as a child makes one less likely to have behavioral problems, and also do better in school. The second type of method used in this study is correlation. Correlation shows how two things relate to each other. In this study, they are the two variables, which are the ability to delay gratitication as a child and how well someone does as a young adult. These two variables correlate by showing that a child who is able to not eat the marshmallow in 15 minutes is more likely to not have behavioral problems later in life and to do better on their SATs. The third method used in this study is observation. Observation studies behaviors as they happen, without any intervention. This study shows that because the person who runs the study observes the children after telling them the rules and does not intervene with how they reacted to the marshmallow, whether that be eating it, playing with it, smelling it, etcetera. They did not interfere with the outcome of the study. In conclusion, this study shows that children who are able to delay gratification are more likely to be able to be more socially competent and get higher test scores.

Natural Phenomena

Veronika Gyurjyan Professor Bachman English 28 4 February 2010 Natural Phenomena Henry David Thoreau was against of survival. Rather than purposefully living, the majority of people’s lives are little more than a series of reactions to everything. Most people survive today, thinking that they will live their actual living tomorrow. He was going to discover the life around him, bringing his life into the harmonious accord with all the movements around him. In 1845, July 4, he decided to move and reside at Walden Pond, which is located in Concord, Massachusetts about 18 miles northwest of Boston. Living in Walden for two years, Henry David Thoreau wrote the book Walden or Life in the Woods, summarizing his experience, his living in Walden, far away from society. Live life rather than let life live you. Certain individuals might think that we are living life just because we are alive. To Henry David Thoreau (philosopher and creative artist), living life was living a natural life that the majority of people are not living. Natural life means reawaking and expanding the human’s awareness, observing and discovering something that exists in science, which is more than unusual and difficult to understand. Discovering and reawaking something hidden is similar to giving a life to something that already exists, adding more imagination and creativeness. Walden by Henry David Thoreau is an American classic. The book is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery. Was Henry a hermit? I think he choose to isolate himself from society to gain more objectiveness about life. The whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, such as existing above or beyond human knowledge or understanding, a central theme of the American Romantic period. In his first and largest chapter, â€Å"Economy†, he outlines his project, â€Å"A two-year and two-months stay at the cozy tightly shingled cottage in the woods near Walden Pond. † I think that separation from the civilization gives a chance to reanalyze the entire life. Living in Walden was productive for Thoreau. In the chapter â€Å"Where I lived and what I lived for† chapter he describes how he was writing every day. And that time in Walden was his most productive as a writer. Another important purpose of his separation from society was realizing an importance and beneficial effect of solitude. â€Å"I never found the companion that was as companionable as solitude. †(Thoreau 177). Walden emphasizes the importance of solitude and closeness to nature. Walden is not an environmental book. It is about one man’s attempt to find the principles by which the life is a proper life. â€Å"Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thoreau 132). Henry Thoreau was enjoying every given morning, accepting is as a gift from nature. That was his chance to be closer to innocence. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swatch and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world†¦.. (Thoreau 135). Thoreau wanted to get the most from his life by determining what was really important, and he did that by removing himself somewhat from the normal life of Concord, MA in the 1840’s. One side of this was economical; he reduced his material needs by living simply, so that he would not have to spend much time supporting a lifestyle that he did not need or care about. The other side was spiritual, not unlike the spiritual retreats of eastern and western religions. He liked it so much that he lived in his cabin for more than two years, and came back with a great story. He worked on this story for several years after leaving the pond, until it became Walden as we know it today. By writing a Walden, Henry Thoreau gave a life to those two years and two months he spent in the woods. He dedicated his life to the exploration of nature, not as a backdrop of human activity, but as living. He was divinely conscious of the enthusiasm of Nature, the emotion of the rhythms and the harmony of her solitude. In Nature Henry found an analogy to the Transcendentalism. He did not study the Nature; otherwise it could make him dogmatic. He loved Nature. â€Å"WHO nearer Nature’s life would truly come Must nearest come to him of whom I speak; He all kinds knew,—the vocal and the dumb; Masterful in genius was he, and unique, Patient, sagacious, tender, frolicsome. This Concord Pan would oft his whistle take, And forth from wood and fen, field, hill, and lake, Trooping around him in their several guise, The shy inhabitants their haunts forsake: Then he, like ? op, man would satirize, Hold up the image wild to clearest view Of undiscerning manhood’s puzzled eyes, And mocking say, â€Å"Lo! mirrors here for you: Be true as these, if ye would be more wise. † Works Cited Book: Henry, Thoreau. Walden. Penguin Classics, 1985. Web Site: Amos Bronson Alcott. American Transcendentalism Web. 21 January. 2010

Green Days By The River †Essay Writing

Green Days By The River – Essay Writing Free Online Research Papers Green Days By The River Essay Writing One text or reference that can be used to show the misuse of authority or power is one that can stand out above the rest. While it is not the only text that can be used, it is one that is most evident in the book. The misuse of this power or authority by the character is done to show another that he can be can be most serious and judging at times. Mr. Gidharee uses his controlling power of the dogs that he has and uses them to attack Shell. Even though his dogs are quite powerful Tobago dogs he enrages them more by giving them something called dragon’s blood. It is evident that he means business, and unsuspecting Shell would be the victim of a dog bit. Mr. Gidharee made the dogs attack Shell because he some how that Shell had slept in the same bed as Rosalie is daughter and about what had happen that night. The book Green Days by The River paints a scene of Mr. Gidharee and Shell working at Cedar Grove, at the time Mr. Gidharee was talking to Shell and trying to get out of him what he already knew without letting Shell know what was going on. Mr. Gidharee so after gives the Tobago dogs the call to attack Shell and even though the dogs knew him they did not hesitate to go and attack Shell. Shell ends up with multiple bit marks and stays home for days trying to recover from that horrible day. Research Papers on Green Days By The River - Essay WritingThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and Canada

Its Always Si Vous Voulez, Never Si Vous Voudriez

Its Always Si Vous Voulez, Never Si Vous Voudriez Mistakes will always be made in French, and now you can learn from them. In English, I would like is softer and more polite than I want, and French has a similar distinction.  Instead of je veux (present), one says je voudrais  (conditional). But theres a snag in this equation: English speakers want to say the polite  if you like or if you would like, and they often end up translating this into French as si vous voudriez. The Mistake But si vous voudriez  would be a mistake.  In French, you cant say  si vous voudriez  to mean if you would like, because the French  conditional can never be used after  si (if).  You can only say  si vous voulez. This goes for the whole conditional conjugation:  For instance, si je voudrais  is wrong. But you can say  si je veux. And  si tu voudrais is not possible. But you can say  si tu veux. Memorize every person in the conditional  present of vouloir to recognize what to avoid in polite statements that include a si clause: je voudraistu voudraisil voudraitnous voudrionsvous voudriezils voudraient Vouloir and Polite Requests The verb vouloir (to want or to wish), one of the most common French verbs and one of the most useful irregular verbs, also beautifully expresses polite requests  in the conditional without a si clause present.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je voudrais une pomme.   I would like an apple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je voudrais y aller avec vous.   I would like to go with you. In general, the French conditional mood is very similar to the English conditional mood. It describes events that are not guaranteed to occur; often they are dependent on certain conditions. While the French conditional mood has a full set of conjugations, the English equivalent is just the modal verb would plus a main verb. The French conditional is mainly used in  if...then  sentences  to express what would happen if a condition were met. The conditional is in the result (then) part of the clause, not the clause that follows  si  (if).   Ã‚  Si nous à ©tudiions, nous serions plus intelligents.If we studied, (then) we would be smarter.

Entertainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entertainment - Essay Example Disney Company distributes the entertainment into five segments such as media segment, parks and resorts, the company studios, consumer products, and Disney interactive. All the sections are sources of income maximizing the economic value of the company’s products promoting its growth internationally. Disney is company major sources of revenue are from its various segments increasing the economic value of its products. Its managers also expand the company’s international presence to gather more fame marketing the company to boost it sales expanding the revenue. For example in the year 2010, most of the company’s revenue came from abroad with America and Canada producing 25.7%. The Disney film company incurs significant and advertising cost before and thought theatrical film release. The cost is spent the advertisement to generate publicity and the customer’s interest in the subsequent home entertainment market. The company spend also in the paying tax and other production and maintenance services like electricity bill. Universal pictures create and distribute theatrical and non-theatrical film entertainment. Theoretical slate includes film developed internationally along with co-productions, acquisition and film development by outside partners and distributed by the studio. The company internationally produces, acquire and distribute direct-to-DVD titles, classic titles from the library, and the consumer products. The company exhaust most of its finances to expand its subsidiaries internationally to increase its global prominence as the film industry of the generation. The universal company influences the advertisement industry to transform the network transition of the company conglomerates. It enhances the production techniques of the company by using sophisticated information technology methods to produce the films (Chris 45). The company get its revenue from the distribution of

The degree of poverty in individual countries Essay

The degree of poverty in individual countries - Essay Example The United Nations World Summit on Social Development passed a declaration, â€Å"Copenhagen Declaration† which defines poverty as â€Å"a state characterized by harsh deficiency of essential human needs, including safe drinking water, food, health, education, sanitation facilities, and information.† When people do not have anything to eat, have access to health facilities- they are considered poor regardless of their level of income. This is the social definition of poverty and does is problematic at times as in this regard, most people living in developing and underdeveloped countries of the world will judged as poor. The Statistical definition yields more relevant results on how poverty should be measured. Using statistical measures, two methods are mostly used to describe poverty. These are Relative Measurement of poverty and Absolute Measurement of Poverty. Both of these measures rely on consumption or income values getting information to accumulate statistics on i mpoverishment much enhanced. The simplest way of measuring the degree of poverty in individual countries is Relative property measure. By using this method, the whole population is classified in order of their per capita income. Then the bottom 10% is believed to be ‘impoverished’ or ‘indigent’. This method is well for country-wide measurements, but it has some great drawbacks in worldwide use. If, for instance a 10% relative poverty extent was applied in a universal setting.

Context Research Essay on Charge of the Light Brigade

Context Research on Charge of the Light Brigade - Essay Example The poem is based on the Crimean war in which the Russians, British, Russian French and Ottoman Empire participated (Donner 5). The war took 3 years and the combatants were fighting for Ottoman territory that was in a decline at the time. The events are actually based on a true story of the light brigade, which was supposed to pursue and capture a Russian artillery train, but instead ended up being sent to the â€Å"Valley of Death† (Tennyson 7, 16); so named because it was an ideal kill zone as they were heading directly towards a heavily fortified Russian defense. The soldiers understood that there had been a mistake and the Commander had blundered but like true British soldiers, they stuck to their orders and never questioned them marching gallantly to their death. In the contemporary setting, the poem is so popular because it reflects the expression of courage under fire and impossible circumstances and the ability of the British army to prevail bravery even in the face of death (Rumens). Many of the soldiers were cut down and historically it is approximated that over 247 out of the 600 soldiers were killed. This is not very much unlike the situation that was replicated in the recent Afghan and Iraq invasions in which hundreds of soldiers died in wars that coud as well have been needless but they were just following orders. The peom is thereore likely to appeal to the modern audience especially in lieu of the fact that the cause of the deaths could be attributed to a miscommunication between the solders and the officers. The phrase â€Å"valley of death† appears to be an allusion from the bible in psalms when David says he will not fear to walk in the shadow of death, the soldiers appear not to fear the danger of death because they hav e faith in God. In contrast with psalms, the subjects in the poem had unwavering faith in their leader but

Is The State Still The Most Important Actor Politics Essay

Is The State Still The Most Important Actor Politics Essay In the traditional perception, the state plays the leading role in international relations. However, after the World War , with the rise of communications technology, the deepening of international division of labor and the expansion of global trade, a good deal of international organizations was established. The international environment was changed due to globalization. It becomes easier for states to communicate with each other, which influence international political, economic, military and culture to a great degree. The increasing number of these organizations is parallel to the increasing levels of political, economic, military and cultural transactions between individuals, societies and states. These kinds of non-state actors challenge the state- centric perception. Therefore, in this essay, three sections will be used to discuss whether the state is still the most important actor in international relations. Firstly, it will cite two theories about the role of the state plays in contemporary international relations. Following this, it will give an account of whether the position of the state in international relations will be replaced because of globalization. Finally, it will illustrate the role of the state plays in international economy, politics and climate. There are two prevailing theories about the role of the state in international relations. Neorealism emphasizes the state plays the most important role in international arena. On one hand, the state possesses sovereign power to insure domestic security. On the other hand, neorealism also stresses the state influence economy in international relations. Neoliberalism not only indicates that the state is the main behavior body in international system, but also affirms the role of non-states, such as international organization, transnational organizations and other kinds of social organizations. As a by-product of intensified globalization process, these kinds of organizations have become more significant determinants of foreign policies of the state (Ataman, M., 2000). Globalization influences the position of the state in international relations By looking at globalization, the proliferation of non-state actors is gaining international influence and position. Non-state actors can be divided into international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational or international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (Ataman, M., 2003). International intergovernmental organizations are created by states. They have official document of government agencies. On the contrary, transnational or international non-governmental organizations are established not by the state, but by some group of businessmen, individuals and other societal units. They have no legal connection with the state, so they are genuinely transnational (Oyugi Walter O., 2004). But the state can restrain the activities of these kinds of organizations. There are a number of powerful organizations such as the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Nations. Though these organizations own strong power in the international relations, they are entire operate by states. Along with the intensification of globalization ¼Ã…’the growth of so many kinds of non-state actors is bound to influence the status of the state in international relations. But they can not substitute for the state. The state is still the most important actor in international relations. The role of the state in the international economy, politics and climate Globalization can be found everywhere, such as economy, politics and climate (Clapham and Christopher, 2002). Whether the role of the state in international relations can be replaced due to globalization, it will be discussed as follows: Globalization has brought about the biggest influence to the economy. Globalization can run businesses, business also can run globalization. That is to say, if a boss of any company wants to make a profile, he has to deal with the government of the state. The state can suspended any operating company. Under this circumstance, the state proves to be the most important actor in international relations on account of it has a right to determine whether a new company can turn into the country business. International politics is very important to coordinate international relationships, safeguard the world peace and make successful businesses. The state is responsible for international politics. The peace of the world is an eternal theme in the international politics. How do the state and the world peace affect each other? The world peace is not able to be achieved only by one state. This utopian goal is only brought out by the endeavor of the whole world. Even though most of international organizations are making great efforts to prevent chaos caused by war, the state is also play the major role in international relations. The United Nations calls on every country should work together to fight against warfare. The relationships between peace and development are interdependency, interrelationship and inter-advance. It requires the state to play the leading role to coordinate the world circumstance, protect the world peace and then promote common development of the whole world. Global warming is gradually become a significant topic in the world due to climate globalization, it persecutes nearly everybody. Because Global Warming could lead to glaciers melt, and sea level rise. Therefore, people are starting to take actions to deal with this problem. For example, in order to protect the environment, an international agreement the Kyoto Protocol is formulated. The purposes of the Kyoto Protocol are to cut down pollution and prevent greenhouse effect. However, the Kyoto Protocol is not formulated by individual or international organization, but drafted by states. It further proves the state play the most important role in international relations. Conclusion In conclusion, the state is still the most impotent actor in international relations. There are several strong points can be listed to get this conclusion. First of all, international organizations govern the globe, and these organizations consist of states. The state influences and powers over international organizations. Following this, globalization changes the international environment and lead to many kinds of non-state actors spring up. To a degree, these non-state actors are gaining status and influence in global economy, politics and climate, but it impossible to replace the position of the state in international relations. Any international affair is not a problem of one state but of the whole world. Taking into account the whole of these reasons, it can be concluded that the state is still the most important actor in international relations.

The Jamestown Massacre :: American America History

The Jamestown Massacre 104 men were sent to form Jamestown in 1607. 4 months after they arrived, 70 had died. Thousands were sent to take their place over the next 3 years, but they also died. Why? * Jamestown was founded on may 14 1607, by a small group led by Christopher Newport who was hired by the London company to transport colonists. * Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America. * Many settlers died in the winter of 1609-1610. * Survivors were encouraged to stay by more settlers and supplies which came the following June * In 1612 tobacco farming was started * Native Americans often attacked the village. * Jamestown was burned down in 1676 Could the reason that so many died have been starvation? It seems that the winter of 1609 was so bad that the many of the colonists died of starvation. They were made to eat their own excrement and flesh. They ate Indians and animals from the colony, including horses, dogs and rats, or anything they could find. But this was hard to believe, as the island was full of food. Maybe the cause of death was drought. Scientists have discovered that the worst drought in many years was between 1604 and 1609. They can tell this because of the tree samples that have been taken. No water meant that crops wouldn't grow, and animals would die, as well as humans. The problem with this theory is that down river, there was excess food. The men could have been too weak to gather food. Why? Maybe the colonists died because of disease? The men could have got diseases from the water that they drank. The position of the settlement was not ideal, although it was very good military position. The water that the settlers drank was out of the river, but the water around the island was stagnant, it didn't move. All the sewage from the island was poured straight into the river, this meant that the men were drinking raw sewage. A lot of men died of 'Bloody Flux' and typhoid, these are typical sewage related diseases. The colonists knew about the risks of drinking the water, but they had no choice, they had to drink something. Internal Politics could have played a part in the unexplained deaths at Jamestown. Before Christmas in 1606 there was a dispute over who would lead the expedition to colonise Jamestown.

Organizational Structure Essay

†¢ Describe the organizational structure of your selected organization. Compare and contrast that structure with two different organizational structures. Google seems like a logical choice to use for my selected organization. Google is innovative and braces technology while others are not. Google understands its organizational structure well and that is where the innovation starts. Google embraces the fact that they can use the internet to conduct business and can hire in any country that allows this. How does this model differ from Sears? Sears and Kmart merged and are still having a hard time making the organization viable. Sears used to have mail order catalogues available to their customers and quit using this means a few years back. They lost business because that was their staple and this came as this sort of business was booming. They went backwards in my opinion and hurt sales. While Google diversifies into technological areas Sears does not. The company Amazon has seen the potential of the internet and has made strides selling their product to many world-wide. They embrace technology and prosper because of it. If Sears wants to evolve into the twenty first century, they need to use technology to compete with competitors. There are many tools in the organizational structure and technology is just one used for this paper. I think that Sears is a bureaucratic structure in nature. They have changed their organizational structure a few times probably because the board of directors were not happy with the old one and did not see it as viable. Sears is probably a matrix structure now. They need to diversify to compete and picked a winning organizational structure and stick with it will see them prosper in the futur e. Unless they change, they will not have a chance in the future. Amazon and Google are virtual structures. Some may argue that Amazon is a network structure. â€Å"One of the important issues for business model design is to develop a method for identifying a specific company’s business model structure. The purpose of this research is thus to propose a new systematical method for understanding and identifying business model structure.† (Ming-Hone, Yu-De, & Yea-Huey, 2011, p.232) †¢ Evaluate how organizational functions (such as marketing, finance, human resources, and operations) influence and determine the organizational structure of your selected organization. Marketing in Google is one of the best organizational functions. They have a market that other could only dream of. The Google search engine is used by millions if not billions of potential customers. This is an already established means of marketing. By diversifying into other services, Google can target a multitude of potential customers on their search engine. Finances are cut to a minimum when most of the information and marketing is online. The virtual structure has done well for Google. They can hire from all over the world to expand their operations with ease. Google uses grounded theory that incorporates systematic and rigorous procedures for qualitative data collection and analysis. This lets them use data to see trends and capitalize on the information. Data collection, analysis, and theory are their bread and butter. Google took one million dollars and turned it into four billion dollars with this business model. Social networking is a tool used by Google in determining goals set forth by this organization. Google Ads was a good idea and worked out well. Google AdSense empowers online publishers to earn revenue by displaying relevant ads on a wide variety of online content. This gives everyone the chance to market a product in a cost effective way. The diversity of Google and the data mined from customers has made this company a giant in the industry. Face it Google is everywhere. Finance is minimal in a virtual organization for obvious reasons. They need servers to keep the information that is data mined and programmers to setup programming for the business. Technology can keep the cost down but it is still expensive to keep this sort of business going. It is still cheaper than traditional means. †¢ Explain how organizational design (such as geographic, functional, customer-based, product, service, hybrid, matrix, marketing channels, and departmentalization) helps determine which structure best suits your selected organization’s needs. Organizational design plays a major part in the business model of Google. Geographical location is not a problem for Google. The internet has made the world smaller and cost effective to do business around the world. Functional design is already in place for Google. They have a brand that everyone in the world knows. Google is customer based and that is their product. This works well together with the services aspect. They came out with Google Maps that was a big success. AdSense has taken off. Google Sky is another product. The main product is Google’s search engine. This by itself gives them trends into the minds of millions of people every single day. This also can be used for advertising anything they want to market. Data mining and watching trends of their customers would be a great way to diversify into something that is taking off. Sometimes I think this is too much power for one company. Monopoly laws will have to change world-wide for others to compete. Innovation is the mother of invention and I feel the world will adjust. The visions of Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founders of Google have surpassed even their expectations. Departmentalization breaks processes up into departments. This is usually by taking a certain function of a company and dividing it into a functional department with specialists. Google does that well. A matrix groups employees by both function and product. This would be an ideal structure if specialists were taken into consideration in my opinion. Working well between those groups is where the problem lies. Google has its share of problems as do most organizations. Google is getting huge and I can see this being a problem in the future. I am sure this will evolve for the better. Fee based products are also in Google’s arsenal. There is a Google store and well as Google Books. The diversification is mind boggling. I have seen the Google Car was a bust. Only time will tell if this was viable.

Class Conflict in Pakistan Society Essay

Conflict theorie Conflict theories are perspectives in social science that emphasize the social, political, or material inequality of a social group, that critique the broad socio-political system, or that otherwise detract from structural functionalism and ideological conservativism. Conflict theories draw attention to power differentials, such as class conflict, and generally contrast historically dominant ideologies. It is therefore a macro level analysis of society. Karl Marx is the father of the social conflict theory, which is a component of the 4 paradigms of sociology. Certain conflict theories set out to highlight the ideological aspects inherent in traditional thought. Whilst many of these perspectives hold parallels, conflict theory does not refer to a unified school of thought, and should not be confused with, for instance, peace and conflict studies, or any other specific theory of social conflic Elite Class Def:- A group or class of persons or a member of such a group or class, enjoying superior intellectual, social, or economic status:- First, The fact is that the term and concept, ‘elite’, is misrepresented and misunderstood in this country. Intriguingly, those who are part of the elite themselves carry out most of the anti-elite commentary. In fact, castigating the elite at popular forums is a way to gain legitimacy that could lead to acquisition of greater power. While there is no doubt about the fact that Pakistan’s elite is irresponsible towards itself and the people, it was more interesting to see the gentleman refer to Asif Ali Zardari and Maulana Fazlur Rehman, Nawaz Shrif as part of the elite. Second, ‘elite’ is not a static concept but is forever evolving. What constituted elite yesterday may not be the same today or even tomorrow. Historically and popularly, the elite referred to the landed-feudal group because this was the dominant group in an agrarian economy like Pakistan’s. Later, as mentioned earlier, other groups were formed. The evolutionary process also meant that newer elite groups emerged almost every decade due to state patronage that replaced the traditional elite and the older ones merged into the newer formations. Third, the elite are not just a group, but also the name of a process that facilitates a constant cycle of change in a society. In case of a powerful, yet easily manipulated state like Pakistan, the process of elite formation is directly linked with the ability of a group to manipulate the state, its power and resources. This means that what may be the middle class or lower middle class of yesterday can be the elite of today. For instance, who could imagine a few decades ago that one day, people belonging to lower middle or middle class backgrounds, like Altaf Hussain, Qaim Ali Shah, Malik Riaz, Humayun Akhtar, Ijazul Haq, or Arsalan Iftikhar will be powerful millionaires and part of the elite. Middle class The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures. As Dr Nayab postulates, to answer that question one first has to define what one means by middle class. She starts off by looking at standard economic definitions of what constitutes the middle class and applies a range of these definitions to the data to see how Pakistan fares. She uses 15 formulae, ranging from the definition of the middle class as those with 75 to 125% of the median income, to expenditure from $2 to $20 per person per day, to double the poverty line. Her results differ widely, ranging from a finding that there is no middle class in Pakistan, to the finding that 60% of the population can be defined as middle class. This composite index yields results that seem more intuitive. Dr Nayab found that in 2007/08, 41.9% of the population of Pakistan belonged to the â€Å"lower-lower class† or to be more blunt, the poor. This proportion rose to 55% when only rural areas were considered. Aspirants to â€Å"middle-classism† constituted 23% of the population, while â€Å"climbers† who are likely to get there constituted another 15% or so. The â€Å"hard-core† middle class remained small at 4.3% of the population. But Dr Nayab’s multiple classification of middle class makes more sense sociologically, as it seems more realistic to think of the middle class itself as a series of â€Å"layers.† lower class Working class (or lower class, labouring class, sometimes proletariat) is a term used in thesocial sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs (as measured by skill, education and lower incomes), often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes. Working classes are mainly found in industrializedeconomies and in urban areas of non-industrialized economies. Injustic Injustice is, the idea of not giving each person his or her fair due as a matter of right. Commonly Found Social Injustices †¢ A few commonly found social injustices in our society are: – 1. Unequal distribution of resources 2. Restricted access of common people to the quality education 3. Monopoly of rich class in the political system of the country 4. Lack of basic health facilities to poor5. Non availability of necessary commodities to major portion of the population Place of Women in Society/Gender Violence. With the erosion of social values, the place of women in our society has also been lost sight of. It is most regrettable that gender violence is a common norm of our social culture; more so in backward and less educated segments of our society. Marriage System. Owing to lack of education and following outdated traditions, the system of marriage in Pakistan is being run on the primitive terms of ignorance. Place of women in society makes her rather a scape-goat for any matrimonial affair. She does not have any liberty to make decisions for her life partner less to decide about others. Violation of Human Rights. Pakistan’s record of human rights does not make her qualify to stand high in the comity of civilized nations. Due to lack of education, poor social system and backwardness, violation of human rights is a common norm in Pakistan. And the worst affected of this are the women, children and the poor masses. Class Division of Society. Pakistani society is highly polarized and divided into various castes, classes, religious affinities and political affiliation. This makes it highly vulnerable to be exploited by the elements working against Pakistan. Intolerant Society. We are an intolerant society. This intolerance manifests itself in our social, religious and political activities. Our relationships are characterized by unthinking support. There is little sense of accommodation for rivals or competitors or those who belong to another sect, region or ethnic group, political crisis The political crisis in Pakistan threatens to trigger yet another period of instability in the country. The three-way power struggle between the military, the government and the courts once again exposes the weaknesses of the country’s democratic institutions, say German commentators. The political drama playing out in Pakistan this week took another twist Tuesday when the country’s high court ordered the arrest of Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Pervez Ashraf on suspicions of corruption and nepotism. The suspicions have followed Ashraf for years, but the timing of the announcement now threatens to light a match on the country’s smoldering political crisis. Since Sunday self proclaimed revolutionary leader Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri has been leading a protest march calling for the ouster of Pakistani President Asif Ali Zadari. Qadri, a moderate clergyman who has denounced corruption among the political class, has seen a meteoric rise to popularity over the last months. On Tuesday, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators joined his protest and packed Islamabad’s streets. The court’s announcement came in the middle of Qadri’s speech on Tuesday and the crowd broke out in cheers at the news. On Wednesday, Qadri once again called for the end of the government. â€Å"If these thieves hadn’t ruled Pakistan, today every child in the country would have a smile on their face,† he shouted to his followers. Meanwhile the country’s normally meddlesome military has been strangely silent in the midst of chaos. That silence has led some observers to believe that the country’s generals are behind Qadri’s campaign. The turmoil comes just weeks before Pakistan’s government was set to complete its five year term, a milestone in a country that normally experiences volatile shifts of power. At the same time violence has been growing with extremists attacking the government and religious minorities.. THE PLANETARY CHALLENGE If an alternative future for Pakistan is not created, the pendulum will continue with collapse always being in the background. Moreover, in the world we now live in, a weakness or pathology in any part of the planetary system threatens us all. Pakistan’s futures are part of the planet’s futures – we all need to transform. Great Game. Pakistan remains a pawn, moved around for the strategic and ideological purposes of the great powers. Whether in proxy wars against the Russians or against 9/11 jihadis or whoever may be next, Pakistan’s capacity to influence its future is low or non-existent. At best, it can only rent out its military, or territory, for others’ battles. In this future (as in the current present), the rental receipts do not lead to even development –they merely enrich those getting the rent, generally the military. The national game becomes not how to transform the great game but how to get a piece of the action, legitimately or illegitimately. Those not part of the money game sing songs of grand conspiracies. These songs take away agency. While Pakistan has a dependency relationship with the rest of the world, citizens have a dependency – child/adult – relationship with the government, expecting it to solve each and every problem, without taking responsibility for their own actions and blaming the government when it fails. At the collective level, Pakistan remains rudderless, evoking the words of the founder, but unable to follow through with action. Economic Injustice A few weeks ago the news was published that the Punjabgovernment had allotted 4,000 yards (or more) for Rs1,000 per person to armygenerals, including Gen Pervez Musharraf. The given argument was that they got cheap land because the area was not developed. The history of this country reveals that undeveloped areas get developed quickly where generals and army officials get land. Are army personnel the only bureaucrats serving this country? What about other people who are working in civil bureaucratic institutions and private organizations? Do they also get so many benefits as do the army personnel?Economic Progress, Stability are key to Pakistan’s future Army interfering in Pakistani politics Many political parties claim that they do not want army to interfere in political issues and that army should be on borders doing its job. Recently there was a long march started by the lawyers and some political parties for the restoration of the deposed Chief justice. the protest became violent when the protesters started beating policemen. Later that night General Ashfaq pervaiz kiyani talked to Prime minister Yousuf raza gilani and asked him to restore the deposed chief justice immediately. After which the prime minister yousuf raza gilani took the decision to restore the deposed cheif justice in front of the people of Pakistan. The decision was welcomed by parties like plmn and pti.All these parties which in past claimed that army should not interfere in politics did not even said a word against General Kiyani pressurizing an elected prime minister instead they welcomed the decision. Source: http://www.defence.pk/forums/national-political-issues/23722-army-interfering-pakistani-politics.html#ixzz2IR33Mi2j

Looking back looking forward essays

Looking back looking forward essays The policies, acts and legislations aimed at inclusion or exclusion of First Nations have had an enormous impact on the development of Fist Nation organizations in Canada. The fact that the process of colonization and nation building did not included consultation with or respect for the culture, tradition, sovereign or organizations of First Nations drove this oppressed group to form political and non-political lobbying organizations. Prior to the arrival of European new comers, First Nations people had organized societies. These societies had law, tradition, culture, leadership and religion. Their concept of sovereignty was intangible, an inherent feeling of reverence of land, the mother from which life came and that that land should be preserved for future generations, as it had been since time immemorial. First Nations believe that they live with the land, not simply on it. The Federal Government and Aboriginal peoples understand the definition of Sovereignty differently, each t aking the understanding from two different directions. However, the most crucial issue in this paper is the treatment and understanding of the policies, acts and legislations that affects the plight of aboriginal peoples of Canada. Through this essay it is hoped an understanding of how the policies and treatment of these people lead to the desire for self-government and self-determination and development of Aboriginal political organizations. Comparison of settlements of government and aboriginal peoples across the country it might be better understood why certain policies, acts and treaties caused certain movements with in aboriginal regions and territories. The stages of growth of both government and aboriginal societies and nations took many turns with events of government attempting to assimilate these people into a European culture. Indian agents were introduced to the aboriginal communities in the early 1800s. Their mandate was to live in a...

Woolfs A Room of Ones Own and Wollstonecrafts A Vindications of the Rights of Woman Essays

Woolfs A Room of Ones Own and Wollstonecrafts A Vindications of the Rights of Woman Essays Woolfs A Room of Ones Own and Wollstonecrafts A Vindications of the Rights of Woman Paper Woolfs A Room of Ones Own and Wollstonecrafts A Vindications of the Rights of Woman Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Heart Of a Woman Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was published in 1792, a period of radical reform in the wake of the French Revolution, and one of the first examples of feminist literature. Virginia Woolfs A Room of Ones Own, written over a century later and published in 1929, appeared in the wake of several feminist movements, the Suffragettes of the previous century and women being given the same voting rights as men just a year before, a result from womens involvement in the First World War. Both texts are in the form of an extended essay, in the written mode, with the purpose to inform and persuade. The audience for both texts is primarily the higher classes, educated people with the money to send their children to private schools, hence the discussion of schooling in both text excerpts. An immediate discrepancy is apparent in both texts; though both address an educated audience, the levels of formality differ. Woolf keeps a lower level of formaily with the reader, employing archaisms such as alas and hyperbole (in phrases such as I have shirked the duty and bowed down by the weight of the subject) for comedic effect, whereas Wollstonecrafts language contains phrases that would not be considered archaisms at the time, such as of a Sunday and babes, and therefore lacking the humourous tenor of Woolfs text, though employing the same style of language. Notably, both texts employ the use of a personal account to exemplify the texts content. Both accounts convey the rules regarding walking on grass, and are somwhat similar in style Wollstonecrafts formality dissipates to produce a passage not unlike Woolfs work, an abundance of the first person pronoun I is found as well as hyperbolic language (tyrant of this domain to refer to a school master and refering to the schoolyard as a prison yard), giving the short passage an almost conversational tone. However, unlike Woolfs work, this lower tenor is reserved for a passage placed outside the main body of text, implying a higher level of formality was expected of a text in Wollstonecrafts time, opposed to Woolfs ability to freely write with a low tenor throughout the essay. Grammatically, an obvious difference between the texts is the use of punctuation in determining sentence length. Wollstonecraft employs almost an excessive amount of punctuation, resulting in long sentences; In the best regulated schools, however, where swarms are not crammed together, many bad habits must be acquired; but, at common schools, the body, heart, and understanding, are equally stunted, for parents are often only in quest of the cheapest school, and the master could not live, if he did not take a much greater number than he could manage himself; nor will the scanty pittance, allowed for each child, permit him to hire ushers sufficient to assist in the discharge of the mechanical part of the business. The use of semi-colons to create verbose complex sentences are in direct contrast to Woolfs frequently shorter compound and complex sentences, despite even employing numerous semi-colons; I need not say that what I am about to describe has no existence; Oxbridge is an invention; so is Fernham; I is merely a convenient term for somebody who has no real being. Woolfs sentences, being shorter, remain more coherent than Wollstonecrafts frequently prolix passages, reflect a change in the standard of accessibility of texts, a 20th Century audience demanding concise information opposed to the 18th Century style of formal and complex language (indeed, the Romantic poetry movement of Wollstonecrafts era called for an end to the pretentious and exclusive styles of writing favoured by authors of the time). Woolf also uses grammar in the lowering of her tenor, using the second person pronoun you to refer to the reader directly, something the Wollstonecraft text declines to do, as well employing the impartial first person one (One can only give ones audience ) for an aloof, comedic effect. Though the use of one may be expected in the archaic, more formal text of Wollstonecraft, it is omitted. Instead, both texts are similar in their frequent use of the first person I. As both texts aim to convey the authors views, this is hardly surprising, though the frequency in which is appears in Woolfs text outstrips Wollstonecrafts usage again implying a change in the expected formality of their respective eras. Woolfs use of non-standard grammar (in opening sentences with a conjunction But however small it was ), dashes ( a subject is highly controversial and any question about sex is that one cannot hope to tell the truth. ), to give a sense of spontaneity, and parenthetical remarks all give A Room of Ones Own an almost conversational tone unsurprising considering it being based on a series of lectures given by Woolf. Again, this difference in language reflects the moving social trends Wollstonecraft would have been unable to give lectures, or even allowed inside a university, and the language in Rights of Woman reflects this; Wollstonecraft makes no use of parenthesis or dashes, and so the text lacks Woolfs spontaneity. A direct example of change in grammar is Wollstonecrafts an habit. An is the older form of the indefinite article (whereas in Woolfs text and the modern day both a and an would be used depending on pronunciation), originating from the German ein, reflecting the change in influence of other languages on English from the 18th Century. In terms of semantics, an interesting similarity is the shared usage of a smenatic field of nature noth works frequently use terms such as animal spirits blossoms of hope and ripened in Vindication, and Woolfs frequent references and analogies, such as comparing of a thought to the sort of fish that a good fisherman puts back in the water and describing the bushes and the bank of the river around her in vivid detail. However, their use differs; Wollstonecraft keeps the references short and aims to compliment the emotional appeals used in a persuasive text, whereas Woolf is highly literary and employs rhetoric in her descriptions, rich in modifiers, personification and latinate language; To the right and left bushes of some sort, goldren and crimson, glowed with the colour, even it seemed burnt with heat, of fire. On the further bank the willows wept in perpetual lamentation, their hair about their shoulders. Woolfs inclusion of the semantic field in her rhetoric again suggests a more relaxed attitude towards language in the 20th Century compared to the 18th considering the groundbreaking natural philosophy and metaphysical aspects of Wollstonecrafts comtemporaries poetry (the Romantics, such as Wordsworth, Keats and Shelley), it is hardly surprising there is a lack of richly decorated language and personification in Rights of Woman; as a persuasive text, it would not have been taken seriously. Lexically, further differences show a change in language. Wollstonecraft frequently makes use of emotional lexis, such as; he physical and moral evils that torment mankind, as well as of the vices and follies that degrade and destroy women This suggests that what influences language has also changed. Wollstonecrafts references to evil and vices and follies suggest a spiritual influence on language, not unsurprising considering the importance of the Bible in the 18th and 19th centuries. The decline of this influence can be seen in Woolfs text, where no mention of moral or spiritual matters are made, instead suggesting it is the ideas, the prejudices of people that are responsible for the hindrences facing women writing fiction. Other differences come in the graphology of the texts, Rights of Woman notably being printed with the long s (? ). The short form came into usage around 1800, and so was the norm by the time A Room of Ones Own was published, and is representative of the attitudes towards ease of reading, confusion with the letter f was common, and again shows English moving away from its Germanic roots, favouring the Antinqua Script as Germany continued with Blackletter styles (still evident today in the German Eszett i ). Ultimately, it is the context of the two texts that determines the differences and language change. As societys attitudes towards both language and feminism relaxed, so did the language, and this is reflected in the change of tenor between the two texts. Further contextual factors include education and womens rights Woolf, though not sent to school, received a literary education from her wealthy parents, and this high level of literacy and relaxed attitudes towards feminism shows in the rich language of A Room of Ones Own. While Wollstonecraft was writing it was still considered unthinkable for a woman to act outside the norm (after Wollstonecrafts death, her husbands recounts of her love affairs caused such a scandal her posthumous reputation was left in tatters), and as such Rights of Women is consistently written in a formal tenor, avoiding language that would be considered innapropiate (such as Woolfs description of a Beadle as a curious-looking object), instead choosing to keep well within societys norms.